The Maldives' coastal waters, renowned for their biodiversity, are home to a fascinating array of marine species, some of which are highly prized for their culinary value, while others are cherished by the aquarium trade.

Among the notable inhabitants is the Rin’dha Vaali (Trachinotus blochii), or Snubnose Pompano, a coastal fish prized locally for its flavour. This member of the jack family (Carangidae) frequents shallow waters up to 20 metres deep. Juveniles inhabit sandy shores and bays in schools, while adults migrate to deeper waters near coral reefs. Characterised by a blunt snout and silver body with a bluish sheen, the Rin’dha Vaali can grow up to 110 cm. A distinct hard bone under the fish’s head, known locally as “Rindha,” gives the species its Maldivian name.

Another notable species is the Lah Kothari Hikaa (Bodianus axillaris), referred to as the Axilspot Hogfish. Native to the Indo-Pacific, this vibrant fish resides in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs. Juveniles, often found under ledges, serve as cleaner fish, while adults, with fuchsia heads and yellow tails, adapt well to aquarium life. This adaptability has made the species a popular export, despite its predatory behaviour towards small invertebrates.

Deep within Maldivian reefs, the Kalhihi (Lethrinus rubrioperculatus), or Spotcheek Emperor, thrives. Preferring depths of up to 160 metres, this species is highly sought after for its quality as a food fish. Displaying a violet body and red line across its gill cover, the Kalhihi is frequently caught using traditional handlines.

One of the more elusive species is the Thundhigu Gaaboa (Oxycirrhites typus), or Longnose Hawkfish. Known for its striking red and white crosshatch pattern, this fish is often perched among black corals at depths exceeding 30 metres. While not widely consumed, the species is popular in the aquarium trade.

Similarly, the Dhanbodu (Myripristis vittata), or Immaculate Soldierfish, is recognised for its bright orange-red colouration and nocturnal habits. Found on reef outskirts at night, this species is rarely consumed locally but plays a key role in reef ecosystems.

The Ranfana (Cephalopholis aurantia), or Golden Hind, inhabits deep reef slopes beyond 100 metres. Its distinctive orange-yellow body, adorned with fine spots, makes it one of the more visually striking groupers. Rarely caught due to its depth, the Ranfana remains an important predator within its ecological niche.

Lastly, the Harongu Hikaa (Pseudocheilinus hexataenia), or Sixstripe Wrasse, is a small, vibrant reef fish often hidden among corals. Measuring just 7.5 cm, this species is characterised by its reddish body and contrasting stripes, contributing to its popularity in the aquarium trade.

While some of these species are integral to Maldivian cuisine, others highlight the country’s role in the international aquarium market. Together, they showcase the rich marine biodiversity that continues to make the Maldives a hub for marine life enthusiasts and researchers alike.